[4학년][1학기][Coursera][Introduction to HW and OS][W7]
2025. 4. 28. 22:27
Introduction to Hardware and Operating System
Coursera - IBM
Link to Course
Module 5
Evaluating Computing Performance and Storage
Learning Objectives
- Identify the four key processor performance factors
- Evaluate RAM availability and usage
- Assess storage capacity and device types
- Understand network speed metrics and troubleshooting methods
Processor Performance Criteria
- Processor Speed (Clock Speed)
- Measured in GHz (Gigahertz)
- Higher speeds → faster task execution
- Number of Cores
- CPUs may have 2 to 64 cores
- More cores allow parallel task execution
- Related to Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
- Bus Types and Speeds
- Address bus: sends memory addresses
- Data bus: carries data
- Control bus: sends control signals
- New standards: PCIe, HyperTransport, QPI
- Cache Memory
- Stores frequently used data for quick access
- Helps offset slower processing speeds
RAM (Random Access Memory)
- Temporary memory used to run apps, load websites, and edit files
- Measured in GB (Gigabytes)
- When RAM is full:
- Freezing, app crashes, blue screen, corrupted files
How to Check RAM in Windows:
- Open Task Manager → Performance → Memory
- Run Windows Memory Diagnostic for hardware issues
Storage Devices
Type | Speed | Notes |
---|---|---|
SSD | Fastest | Flash-based, expensive but reliable |
HDD | Moderate | Traditional spinning disks |
Hybrid Drives | Balanced | SSD for cache + HDD for storage |
Flash Memory | Varies | Portable (e.g., USB, SD cards) |
How to Check Disk Space:
- Open This PC from taskbar search → View under "Devices and Drives"
Network Speed & Connectivity
- Measured in Mbps or Gbps
- Use tools like speedtest.net to evaluate performance
How to Check Link Speed:
- Wi-Fi:
- Click Wi-Fi icon → Properties → Link Speed
- Ethernet:
- Search Ethernet Settings in Windows → View under Properties
Summary of Key Points
- Processor performance depends on speed, cores, bus type, and cache
- RAM availability impacts stability and multitasking
- SSD > Hybrid > HDD in terms of speed
- Check storage and RAM usage directly in Windows tools
- Use speed tests and network settings to assess connectivity issues
Workstation Evaluation and Setup
Learning Objectives
- Identify a user’s computing environment and requirements
- Evaluate computers based on hardware specifications
- Perform basic workstation setup tasks
Step 1: Understanding the User’s Needs
Location
- Office, home, mobile, or multi-site
Physical Conditions
- Desk, chair, lighting, outlets, security options, accessibility accommodations
Connectivity
- Wired for secure/confidential work
- Wi-Fi for general office/home use
- Cellular for mobile users
Data Storage Strategy
- Local, onsite network, or hybrid cloud
Step 2: Hardware & Peripheral Needs
Component | Considerations |
---|---|
RAM | 8 GB (web-based users), 16 GB (standard), upgradeable (power users) |
GPU | Required for graphics, big data tasks |
Storage | Adequate for local files or cache use |
Peripherals | Keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, scanner, etc. |
- Understand the connection type for each peripheral (USB, Bluetooth, etc.)
Step 3: Device Selection Considerations
- Desktops: Best performance, expandability
- Laptops/2-in-1s: Mobility, space-saving
- Evaluate:
- User needs
- Business requirements
- Available technology
- Budget constraints
Step 4: 6-Step Setup Process
- Reassess physical environment
- Unbox devices safely and read documentation
- Cable management
- Use short cables
- Bundle and label
- Electrical management
- Use labeled power cables
- Verify outlet amperage and accessibility
- Check ergonomics
- Monitor and chair height, arm and foot position, lighting
- Configure workstation
- OS settings: user login, keyboard, resolution
- Printer, audio, network, browser
- Remove bloatware
- Install productivity software
- Set up backup and security
Summary of Key Points
- A user’s job function, location, and accessibility guide the device decision
- The right hardware depends on task intensity (e.g., big data vs. email)
- A proper workstation setup involves:
- Environment check
- Unboxing and cable setup
- Ergonomic adjustments
- System configuration
Introduction to Troubleshooting
Learning Objectives
- Understand basic computer support concepts
- Apply troubleshooting procedures
- Use online and manufacturer support resources
- Summarize the CompTIA Troubleshooting Model
Basic Troubleshooting Concepts
- Determine the Problem
- Ask the user about recent changes
- Reproduce the issue
- Separate multiple problems
- Examine the Problem
- Check for simple causes (e.g., unplugged cable)
- Try multiple solutions
- If needed, escalate the issue
- Solve the Problem
- Create a plan, document steps
- Repair, replace, or combine both
- Confirm system functionality and finalize documentation
Common Computer Issues
- Loose cables, power issues
- BIOS or POST boot errors
- Blue/black screen
- OS problems or software crashes
- Monitor/display not working
Diagnostic Checklist
- Check for LEDs, power sounds
- Beep codes (use internet for decoding)
- Monitor connections
- Peripheral cables
Support Resources
- Search engines: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo
- Online forums, community knowledge bases
- Manufacturer support pages and manuals
- Prepare:
- Device model, serial number
- Purchase date
- Issue description
CompTIA Troubleshooting Model
- Identify the Problem
- Gather info, duplicate, ask users, isolate issues
- Research
- Use knowledge bases or the internet
- Establish a Theory
- Question the obvious, divide & conquer
- Test the Theory
- Confirm or refine the theory
- Establish a Plan
- Consider all potential side effects
- Implement the Solution
- Escalate if necessary
- Verify Full System Functionality
- Apply preventive measures
- Document Everything
- Findings, steps, and outcomes
Summary of Key Points
- Troubleshooting is a step-by-step support method
- Start by identifying common, simple issues
- Use online and manufacturer resources for help
- Follow the CompTIA model for industry-standard troubleshooting
Advanced Microsoft Windows 10 Management and Utilities
Learning Objectives
- Perform advanced workstation management tasks
- Understand the role of drivers and how to update them
- Identify and use five essential Windows utilities
1. Policy Management
- Applies rules for:
- Passwords & retry limits
- Allowed programs
- User configurations
- Access via:
- Search “Group Policy” in Taskbar
- Edit group policy > User Configuration
2. Windows Task Manager
- Monitor apps and background processes
- Force quit with End Task
- Useful when software is frozen or unresponsive
3. Device Manager
- View and manage:
- Hardware components
- Interfaces (e.g., Intel ME Interface)
- Check status, update drivers, view resource use
- Useful for:
- Driver issues
- Firmware checks
4. Virtual Memory Management
- Use Task Manager to check RAM usage
- Open: Settings > Performance > Virtual Memory
- Adjust manually for high-memory apps
- Use Windows Memory Diagnostic for error checking
5. Service Management
- For advanced control of background services:
- Stop, restart, run, or ignore a service
- Optionally restart the system
- Helps resolve:
- Unresponsive software
- Resource bottlenecks
6. Drivers
- Enable communication between hardware and OS
- Symptoms of outdated drivers:
- Devices not working
- Use Device Manager > Right-click > Update Driver
7. Key Windows Utilities
Utility | Function |
---|---|
Memory Diagnostics | Detect hardware memory errors |
Performance Monitor | Monitor hardware and software performance |
Event Viewer | Log system activity, errors, and install issues |
Registry Editor | Modify program registration and disk location data |
Task Manager | View and manage running tasks and processes |
Summary of Key Points
- Group Policy improves device and data security
- Task Manager and Device Manager are core tools for diagnosis
- Drivers must be current for proper hardware communication
- Windows provides built-in utilities for diagnostics and system management
Introduction to Business Continuity Principles
Learning Objectives
- Understand the importance of business continuity
- Evaluate a fault tolerance system
- Explain the importance of disaster recovery planning
What is Business Continuity?
- Business continuity: a plan to minimize disruption and maintain operations during difficult events
- Built upon fault tolerance, which enables systems to run even if some components fail
- Aims to prevent single points of failure
Redundancy: The Key to Continuity
Redundancy = Extra capacity or backup that protects against failure
Types of Redundancy:
- Data Redundancy
- Same data exists in multiple locations (e.g., backups)
- Risk: inconsistency
- Solution: real-time syncing
- RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
- RAID 0: Improved performance, no fault tolerance
- RAID 1: Mirroring data for fault tolerance
- RAID 5: Secure, requires minimum 3 HDDs
- Network Redundancy
- Multiple paths and adapters
- Load balancing across servers
- Site Redundancy
- Entire backup site in case of total loss (e.g., natural disaster)
- Uses replication to sync data across locations
- Power Redundancy
- Two independent power sources
- UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) as cost-effective fallback
Backup Strategies
Backup Methods:
- Full: All files
- Incremental: Files changed since last full/incremental
- Differential: Files changed since last full
- Daily: Only today's changes
Backup Devices:
- USB drives
- External HDDs
- LAN servers
- Tape storage
- Cloud-based storage
Key Considerations:
- Cost: Hardware, software, training
- Location: Cloud + additional physical site
- Storage/time balance for effective recovery
Disaster Recovery
- Plan to restore IT functionality after disruption
- Must include:
- Clear procedures
- Scenario-specific strategies
- Rapid execution and response
Summary of Key Points
- Business continuity requires planning, redundancy, and disaster recovery
- Fault tolerance systems avoid single-point failures
- Backup strategies should align with business needs and resources
- Disaster recovery plans restore IT operations after outages
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